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An Introduction to Environmental Biophysics / Gaylon S. Campbell / Berlin ; Heidelberg (DEU) ; New York ; Bâle (CHE) : Springer (1977)
Titre : An Introduction to Environmental Biophysics Type de document : document électronique Auteurs : Gaylon S. Campbell ; SpringerLink (Online service) Editeur : Berlin ; Heidelberg (DEU) ; New York ; Bâle (CHE) : Springer Année de publication : 1977 Collection : Heidelberg Science Library, ISSN 0073-1595 Importance : XV, 159 p Présentation : online resource ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-1-4684-9917-9 Langues : Anglais (eng) Tags : Physics Ecology Biophysics Biological physics Biophysics and Biological Physics Résumé : The study of environmental biophysics probably began earlier in man's history than that of any other science. The study of organism-environment interaction provided a key to survival and progress. Systematic study of the science and recording of experimental results goes back many hundreds of years. Ben jamin Franklin, the early American statesman, inventor, printer, and scientist studied conduction, evaporation, and radiation. One of his observations is as follows: My desk on which I now write, and the lock of my desk, are both exposed to the same temperature of the air, and have therefore the same degree of heat or cold; yet if I lay my hand successively on the wood and on the metal, the latter feels much the coldest, not that it is really so, but being a better conductor, it more readily than the wood takes away and draws into itself the fire that was in my skin. 1 Franklin probably was not the first to discover this principle, and certainly was not the last. Modem researchers rediscover this principle frequently in their own work. It is sometimes surprising how slowly progress is made. Progress in environmental biophysics, since the observa tions of Franklin and others, has been mainly in two areas: use of mathematical models to quantify rates of heat and mass transfer and use of the continuity equation that has led to energy budget analyses Note de contenu : Microenvironments -- Energy Exchange -- Mass and Momentum Transport -- Applications -- Units -- Transport Laws -- 2 Temperature -- Typical Behavior of Atmospheric and Soil Temperature -- Microenvironment Temperatures -- Soil Temperature -- 3 Environmental Moisture -- Saturation Conditions -- Conditions of Partial Saturation -- Vapor Densities in Nature -- Liquid-phase Water -- Relation of Liquid- to Gas-phase Water -- 4 Wind -- Characteristics of Atmospheric Turbulence -- Flux and Profile Equations -- Fetch and Buoyancy -- Wind within Crop Canopies -- 5 Radiation -- Blackbody Radiation -- Definitions -- Directional Relations -- Attenuation of Radiation -- Radiant Emittance -- Spectral Distribution of Blackbody Radiation -- Spectral Characteristics of Short-wave Radiation -- Radiant Fluxes in Natural Environments -- Estimating Direct and Diffuse Short-wave Irradiance -- Atmospheric Long-wave Radiation -- Radiant Energy Budgets -- 6 Heat, Mass, and Momentum Transfer -- Molecular Diffusion -- Convection -- Resistances to Heat and Mass Transfer in Laminar Forced Convection -- Free Convection -- Combined Forced and Free Convection -- Application in Nature -- Momentum Transport -- 7 Animals and Their Environment -- The Energy Budget Concept -- Specifying Radiant Energy Fluxes for Animals -- Metabolism -- Latent Heat Exchange -- Conduction of Heat in Animal Coats and Tissue -- Application of Energy Budget Equations -- The Climate Space -- The Equivalent Blackbody Temperature -- The Transient State -- Animals and Water -- 8 Humans and Their Environment -- Area, Metabolic Rate, and Evaporation -- Survival in Cold Environments -- Survival in Hot Environments -- Equivalent Wet Blackbody Temperature -- Comfort -- 9 Plant and Their Environment -- Photosynthesis -- Transpiration and the Leaf Energy Budget -- Leaf Temperature -- Optimum Leaf Form -- 10 Exchange Processes in Plant Canopies -- Radiation in Plant Canopies -- Evapotranspiration -- The Energy Budget -- Potential Evapotranspiration -- Non-potential Evapotranspiration -- Appendix: Reconciliation of Terminology -- Table A.3 -- Table A.2 -- Table A.3 Permalink : https://genes.bibli.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=131180 An Introduction to Environmental Biophysics [document électronique] / Gaylon S. Campbell ; SpringerLink (Online service) . - Berlin ; Heidelberg (DEU) ; New York ; Bâle (CHE) : Springer, 1977 . - XV, 159 p : online resource. - (Heidelberg Science Library, ISSN 0073-1595) .
ISBN : 978-1-4684-9917-9
Langues : Anglais (eng)
Tags : Physics Ecology Biophysics Biological physics Biophysics and Biological Physics Résumé : The study of environmental biophysics probably began earlier in man's history than that of any other science. The study of organism-environment interaction provided a key to survival and progress. Systematic study of the science and recording of experimental results goes back many hundreds of years. Ben jamin Franklin, the early American statesman, inventor, printer, and scientist studied conduction, evaporation, and radiation. One of his observations is as follows: My desk on which I now write, and the lock of my desk, are both exposed to the same temperature of the air, and have therefore the same degree of heat or cold; yet if I lay my hand successively on the wood and on the metal, the latter feels much the coldest, not that it is really so, but being a better conductor, it more readily than the wood takes away and draws into itself the fire that was in my skin. 1 Franklin probably was not the first to discover this principle, and certainly was not the last. Modem researchers rediscover this principle frequently in their own work. It is sometimes surprising how slowly progress is made. Progress in environmental biophysics, since the observa tions of Franklin and others, has been mainly in two areas: use of mathematical models to quantify rates of heat and mass transfer and use of the continuity equation that has led to energy budget analyses Note de contenu : Microenvironments -- Energy Exchange -- Mass and Momentum Transport -- Applications -- Units -- Transport Laws -- 2 Temperature -- Typical Behavior of Atmospheric and Soil Temperature -- Microenvironment Temperatures -- Soil Temperature -- 3 Environmental Moisture -- Saturation Conditions -- Conditions of Partial Saturation -- Vapor Densities in Nature -- Liquid-phase Water -- Relation of Liquid- to Gas-phase Water -- 4 Wind -- Characteristics of Atmospheric Turbulence -- Flux and Profile Equations -- Fetch and Buoyancy -- Wind within Crop Canopies -- 5 Radiation -- Blackbody Radiation -- Definitions -- Directional Relations -- Attenuation of Radiation -- Radiant Emittance -- Spectral Distribution of Blackbody Radiation -- Spectral Characteristics of Short-wave Radiation -- Radiant Fluxes in Natural Environments -- Estimating Direct and Diffuse Short-wave Irradiance -- Atmospheric Long-wave Radiation -- Radiant Energy Budgets -- 6 Heat, Mass, and Momentum Transfer -- Molecular Diffusion -- Convection -- Resistances to Heat and Mass Transfer in Laminar Forced Convection -- Free Convection -- Combined Forced and Free Convection -- Application in Nature -- Momentum Transport -- 7 Animals and Their Environment -- The Energy Budget Concept -- Specifying Radiant Energy Fluxes for Animals -- Metabolism -- Latent Heat Exchange -- Conduction of Heat in Animal Coats and Tissue -- Application of Energy Budget Equations -- The Climate Space -- The Equivalent Blackbody Temperature -- The Transient State -- Animals and Water -- 8 Humans and Their Environment -- Area, Metabolic Rate, and Evaporation -- Survival in Cold Environments -- Survival in Hot Environments -- Equivalent Wet Blackbody Temperature -- Comfort -- 9 Plant and Their Environment -- Photosynthesis -- Transpiration and the Leaf Energy Budget -- Leaf Temperature -- Optimum Leaf Form -- 10 Exchange Processes in Plant Canopies -- Radiation in Plant Canopies -- Evapotranspiration -- The Energy Budget -- Potential Evapotranspiration -- Non-potential Evapotranspiration -- Appendix: Reconciliation of Terminology -- Table A.3 -- Table A.2 -- Table A.3 Permalink : https://genes.bibli.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=131180 Elements of Optimization / Delia Koo / Berlin ; Heidelberg (DEU) ; New York ; Bâle (CHE) : Springer (1977)
Titre : Elements of Optimization : With Applications in Economics and Business Type de document : document électronique Auteurs : Delia Koo ; SpringerLink (Online service) Editeur : Berlin ; Heidelberg (DEU) ; New York ; Bâle (CHE) : Springer Année de publication : 1977 Collection : Heidelberg Science Library, ISSN 0073-1595 Importance : IX, 220 p Présentation : online resource ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-1-4612-6358-6 Langues : Anglais (eng) Tags : Mathematics System theory Calculus of variations Economic theory Systems Theory Control Calculus of Variations and Optimal Control Optimization Economic Theory Quantitative Economics Mathematical Methods Résumé : This book attempts to present the concepts which underlie the various optimization procedures which are commonly used. It is written primarily for those scientists such as economists, operations researchers, and en gineers whose main tools of analysis involve optimization techniques and who possess a (not very sharp) knowledge of one or one-and-a-half year's calculus through partial differentiation and Taylor's theorem and some acquaintance with elementary vector and matrix terminology. Such a scientist is frequently confronted with expressions such as Lagrange multi pliers, first-and second-order conditions, linear programming and activity analysis, duality, the Kuhn-Tucker conditions, and, more recently, dy namic programming and optimal control. He or she uses or needs to use these optimization techniques, and would like to feel more comfortable with them through better understanding of their underlying mathematical concepts, but has no immediate use for a formal theorem-proof treatment which quickly abstracts to a general case of n variables and uses a style and terminology that are discouraging to people who are not mathematics majors. The emphasis of this book is on clarity and plausibility. Through examples which are worked out step by step in detail, I hope to illustrate some tools which will be useful to scientists when they apply optimization techniques to their problems. Most of the chapters may be read independently of each other-with the exception of Chapter 6, which depends on Chapter 5. For instance, the reader will find little or no difficulty in reading Chapter 8 without having read the previous chapters Note de contenu : 1 Extrema of a Function of One Variable -- 2 Extrema of a Function of Two or More Variables (without Constraint) -- 3 Functions of Two or More Variables (with Constraint) -- 4 Simultaneous Maxima of Several Functions -- 5 Linear Programming -- 6 Linear Programming?Duality and Sensitivity Analysis -- 7 Nonlinear Programming -- 8 Optimal Control -- Appendix I -- Quadratic Forms and Characteristic Roots -- Appendix II -- Convexity and Quasiconvexity Permalink : https://genes.bibli.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=127273 Elements of Optimization : With Applications in Economics and Business [document électronique] / Delia Koo ; SpringerLink (Online service) . - Berlin ; Heidelberg (DEU) ; New York ; Bâle (CHE) : Springer, 1977 . - IX, 220 p : online resource. - (Heidelberg Science Library, ISSN 0073-1595) .
ISBN : 978-1-4612-6358-6
Langues : Anglais (eng)
Tags : Mathematics System theory Calculus of variations Economic theory Systems Theory Control Calculus of Variations and Optimal Control Optimization Economic Theory Quantitative Economics Mathematical Methods Résumé : This book attempts to present the concepts which underlie the various optimization procedures which are commonly used. It is written primarily for those scientists such as economists, operations researchers, and en gineers whose main tools of analysis involve optimization techniques and who possess a (not very sharp) knowledge of one or one-and-a-half year's calculus through partial differentiation and Taylor's theorem and some acquaintance with elementary vector and matrix terminology. Such a scientist is frequently confronted with expressions such as Lagrange multi pliers, first-and second-order conditions, linear programming and activity analysis, duality, the Kuhn-Tucker conditions, and, more recently, dy namic programming and optimal control. He or she uses or needs to use these optimization techniques, and would like to feel more comfortable with them through better understanding of their underlying mathematical concepts, but has no immediate use for a formal theorem-proof treatment which quickly abstracts to a general case of n variables and uses a style and terminology that are discouraging to people who are not mathematics majors. The emphasis of this book is on clarity and plausibility. Through examples which are worked out step by step in detail, I hope to illustrate some tools which will be useful to scientists when they apply optimization techniques to their problems. Most of the chapters may be read independently of each other-with the exception of Chapter 6, which depends on Chapter 5. For instance, the reader will find little or no difficulty in reading Chapter 8 without having read the previous chapters Note de contenu : 1 Extrema of a Function of One Variable -- 2 Extrema of a Function of Two or More Variables (without Constraint) -- 3 Functions of Two or More Variables (with Constraint) -- 4 Simultaneous Maxima of Several Functions -- 5 Linear Programming -- 6 Linear Programming?Duality and Sensitivity Analysis -- 7 Nonlinear Programming -- 8 Optimal Control -- Appendix I -- Quadratic Forms and Characteristic Roots -- Appendix II -- Convexity and Quasiconvexity Permalink : https://genes.bibli.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=127273 Introduction to the Physics and Psychophysics of Music / Juan G. Roederer / Berlin ; Heidelberg (DEU) ; New York ; Bâle (CHE) : Springer (1975)
Titre : Introduction to the Physics and Psychophysics of Music Type de document : document électronique Auteurs : Juan G. Roederer ; SpringerLink (Online service) Editeur : Berlin ; Heidelberg (DEU) ; New York ; Bâle (CHE) : Springer Année de publication : 1975 Collection : Heidelberg Science Library, ISSN 0073-1595 Présentation : online resource ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-1-4615-9981-4 Langues : Anglais (eng) Tags : Physics Music Acoustics Note de contenu : 1 Music, Physics, and Psychophysics: An Interdisciplinary Approach -- 1.1 The intervening physical systems 1 / 1.2 Characteristic attributes of musical sounds 3 / 1.3 The time element in music 5 / 1.4 Physics and psychophysics 7 / 1.5 What is music? 11 -- 2 Sound Vibrations, Pure Tones, and the Perception of Pitch -- 2.1 Motion and vibration 13 / 2.2 Simple harmonic motion 17 / 2.3 Acoustical vibrations and pure tone sensations 18 / 2.4 Superposition of pure tones: first-order beats and the critical band 25 / 2.5 Other first-order effects: combination tones and aural harmonics 33 / 2.6 Second-order effects: beats of mistuned consonances 37 / 2.7 Fundamental tracking 40 / 2.8 Auditory coding in the peripheral nervous system 44 / 2.9 Periodicity pitch and the role of the central nervous system 50 -- 3 Sound Waves, Acoustical Energy, and the Perception of Loudness -- 3.1 Elastic waves, force, energy, and power 61 / 3.2 Propagation speed, wavelength, and acoustical power 65 / 3.3 Superposition of waves; standing waves 74 / 3.4 Intensity, sound intensity level, and loudness 78 / 3.5 The loudness perception mechanism and related processes 89 -- 4 Generation of Musical Sounds, Complex Tones, and the Perception of Tone Quality -- 4.1 Standing waves in a string 93 / 4.2 Generation of complex standing vibrations in string instruments 98 / 4.3 Sound vibration spectra and resonance 106 / 4.4 Standing longitudinal waves in an idealized air column 115 / 4.5 Generation of complex standing vibrations in wind instruments 119 / 4.6 Sound spectra of wind instrument tones 126 / 4.7 Trapping and absorption of sound waves in a closed environment 128 / 4.8 Perception of pitch and timbre of musical tones 133 / 4.9 Identification of musical sounds 138 -- 5 Superposition and Successions of Complex Tones and the Perception of Music -- 5.1 Superposition of complex tones 143 / 5.2 The sensation of musical consonance and dissonance 146 / 5.3 Building musical scales 153 / 5.4 The standard scale and the standard of pitch 158 / 5.5 Why are there musical scales and why do we experience musical sensations? 161 / 5.6 Specialization of speech and music processing in the cerebral hemispheres 165 -- Appendix I Some Quantitative Aspects of the Bowing Mechanism -- Appendix II Some Quantitative Aspects of Recent Central Pitch Processor Models -- Appendix III Some Remarks on Teaching Physics and Psychophysics of Music -- References Permalink : https://genes.bibli.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=131178 Introduction to the Physics and Psychophysics of Music [document électronique] / Juan G. Roederer ; SpringerLink (Online service) . - Berlin ; Heidelberg (DEU) ; New York ; Bâle (CHE) : Springer, 1975 . - : online resource. - (Heidelberg Science Library, ISSN 0073-1595) .
ISBN : 978-1-4615-9981-4
Langues : Anglais (eng)
Tags : Physics Music Acoustics Note de contenu : 1 Music, Physics, and Psychophysics: An Interdisciplinary Approach -- 1.1 The intervening physical systems 1 / 1.2 Characteristic attributes of musical sounds 3 / 1.3 The time element in music 5 / 1.4 Physics and psychophysics 7 / 1.5 What is music? 11 -- 2 Sound Vibrations, Pure Tones, and the Perception of Pitch -- 2.1 Motion and vibration 13 / 2.2 Simple harmonic motion 17 / 2.3 Acoustical vibrations and pure tone sensations 18 / 2.4 Superposition of pure tones: first-order beats and the critical band 25 / 2.5 Other first-order effects: combination tones and aural harmonics 33 / 2.6 Second-order effects: beats of mistuned consonances 37 / 2.7 Fundamental tracking 40 / 2.8 Auditory coding in the peripheral nervous system 44 / 2.9 Periodicity pitch and the role of the central nervous system 50 -- 3 Sound Waves, Acoustical Energy, and the Perception of Loudness -- 3.1 Elastic waves, force, energy, and power 61 / 3.2 Propagation speed, wavelength, and acoustical power 65 / 3.3 Superposition of waves; standing waves 74 / 3.4 Intensity, sound intensity level, and loudness 78 / 3.5 The loudness perception mechanism and related processes 89 -- 4 Generation of Musical Sounds, Complex Tones, and the Perception of Tone Quality -- 4.1 Standing waves in a string 93 / 4.2 Generation of complex standing vibrations in string instruments 98 / 4.3 Sound vibration spectra and resonance 106 / 4.4 Standing longitudinal waves in an idealized air column 115 / 4.5 Generation of complex standing vibrations in wind instruments 119 / 4.6 Sound spectra of wind instrument tones 126 / 4.7 Trapping and absorption of sound waves in a closed environment 128 / 4.8 Perception of pitch and timbre of musical tones 133 / 4.9 Identification of musical sounds 138 -- 5 Superposition and Successions of Complex Tones and the Perception of Music -- 5.1 Superposition of complex tones 143 / 5.2 The sensation of musical consonance and dissonance 146 / 5.3 Building musical scales 153 / 5.4 The standard scale and the standard of pitch 158 / 5.5 Why are there musical scales and why do we experience musical sensations? 161 / 5.6 Specialization of speech and music processing in the cerebral hemispheres 165 -- Appendix I Some Quantitative Aspects of the Bowing Mechanism -- Appendix II Some Quantitative Aspects of Recent Central Pitch Processor Models -- Appendix III Some Remarks on Teaching Physics and Psychophysics of Music -- References Permalink : https://genes.bibli.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=131178 Nucleic Acid Structure / Wilhelm Guschlbauer / Berlin ; Heidelberg (DEU) ; New York ; Bâle (CHE) : Springer (1976)
Titre : Nucleic Acid Structure : An Introduction Type de document : document électronique Auteurs : Wilhelm Guschlbauer ; SpringerLink (Online service) Editeur : Berlin ; Heidelberg (DEU) ; New York ; Bâle (CHE) : Springer Année de publication : 1976 Collection : Heidelberg Science Library, ISSN 0073-1595 Importance : XII, 146 p. 11 illus Présentation : online resource ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-1-4613-9397-9 Langues : Anglais (eng) Tags : Chemistry Organic chemistry Organic Chemistry Résumé : Teaching a course on nucleic acid structure is a hazardous undertaking, especially if one has no continuous teaching obligations. I still have done it on several occasions in various French universities, when colleagues, suffering from admin istrative overwork and excessive teaching obligations, had asked me to do so. This was generally done with a pile of notes and a dozen slides, and I always regretted that no small, concise, specialized book on nucleic acid structure for students at the senior or beginning graduate level ex isted. Every year, the lecture notes became more and more voluminous, with some key reprints intermingled. Everything changed when, in the spring of 1973, I re ceived an invitation to teach such a course, under the UNESCO-OAS-Molecular Biology Program at the Universi dad de Chile in Santiago during October 1973. I had ac cepted rather enthusiastically, but soon discovered that it would be necessary to produce a photocopied syllabus for the students. This was the fi rst premanuscript of this book. For nonscientific reasons, the course was first canceled and then postponed until December 1973. Nearly a year later, the course, in slightly amended form, was presented at the Lemonossow-State University in Moscow Note de contenu : 1 Introduction -- 1.1 History -- 1.2 Cellular localization of nucleic acids -- 2 Methods and Techniques -- 2.1 Absorption and optical activity (ORD and CD) -- 2.2 Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) -- 2.3 Ultracentrifugation -- 2.4 X-ray fiber diffraction -- 3 Chemistry and Enzymology of Nucleic Acids -- 3.1 Chemistry of nucleic acids and their constituents -- 3.2 Chemical reactions of nucleic acids and their constituents -- 3.3 Isolation of nucleic acids -- 3.4 Degradation and determination of nucleic acids -- 4 Structure and Function of DNA -- 4.1 The double helix of Watson and Crick -- 4.2 Experimental tests of the Watson-Crick hypothesis -- 4.3 The role of DNA in the cellular machinery?the central dogma -- 5 Physical Chemistry of DNA?The Problems of DNA Research -- 5.1 Established facts -- 5.2 Facts that may require amendments of details of the Watson?Crick theory -- 5.3 What do we require from biologically operative DNA? -- 5.4 What do we still not know? -- 6 Model Systems for Nucleic Acids -- 6.1 Polynucleotides -- 6.2 Oligonucleotides -- 6.3 Association of monomers in solutions and crystals -- 7 Errors and Mutations -- 7.1 Chemical mutagenesis -- 7.2 Base analogues -- 7.3 Antibiotics, pigments, dyes -- 7.4 Mutagenesis by radiation (UV, X-rays) -- 8 The Structure of Ribonucleic Acids -- 8.1 Protein biosynthesis -- 8.2 Transfer RNA -- 8.3 Ribosome structure and rRNA -- 8.4 Viral RNA and virus structure -- 9 Nucleic Acid?Protein Interactions -- 9.1 Polyamines -- 9.2 Polypeptides and protamines -- 9.3 Histones and chromatin -- In the Guise of an Epilogue -- Appendix: Abbreviations and Symbols for Nucleic Acids, Polynucleotides, and Their Constituents -- Suggested Bibliography for Advanced Reading Permalink : https://genes.bibli.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=131175 Nucleic Acid Structure : An Introduction [document électronique] / Wilhelm Guschlbauer ; SpringerLink (Online service) . - Berlin ; Heidelberg (DEU) ; New York ; Bâle (CHE) : Springer, 1976 . - XII, 146 p. 11 illus : online resource. - (Heidelberg Science Library, ISSN 0073-1595) .
ISBN : 978-1-4613-9397-9
Langues : Anglais (eng)
Tags : Chemistry Organic chemistry Organic Chemistry Résumé : Teaching a course on nucleic acid structure is a hazardous undertaking, especially if one has no continuous teaching obligations. I still have done it on several occasions in various French universities, when colleagues, suffering from admin istrative overwork and excessive teaching obligations, had asked me to do so. This was generally done with a pile of notes and a dozen slides, and I always regretted that no small, concise, specialized book on nucleic acid structure for students at the senior or beginning graduate level ex isted. Every year, the lecture notes became more and more voluminous, with some key reprints intermingled. Everything changed when, in the spring of 1973, I re ceived an invitation to teach such a course, under the UNESCO-OAS-Molecular Biology Program at the Universi dad de Chile in Santiago during October 1973. I had ac cepted rather enthusiastically, but soon discovered that it would be necessary to produce a photocopied syllabus for the students. This was the fi rst premanuscript of this book. For nonscientific reasons, the course was first canceled and then postponed until December 1973. Nearly a year later, the course, in slightly amended form, was presented at the Lemonossow-State University in Moscow Note de contenu : 1 Introduction -- 1.1 History -- 1.2 Cellular localization of nucleic acids -- 2 Methods and Techniques -- 2.1 Absorption and optical activity (ORD and CD) -- 2.2 Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) -- 2.3 Ultracentrifugation -- 2.4 X-ray fiber diffraction -- 3 Chemistry and Enzymology of Nucleic Acids -- 3.1 Chemistry of nucleic acids and their constituents -- 3.2 Chemical reactions of nucleic acids and their constituents -- 3.3 Isolation of nucleic acids -- 3.4 Degradation and determination of nucleic acids -- 4 Structure and Function of DNA -- 4.1 The double helix of Watson and Crick -- 4.2 Experimental tests of the Watson-Crick hypothesis -- 4.3 The role of DNA in the cellular machinery?the central dogma -- 5 Physical Chemistry of DNA?The Problems of DNA Research -- 5.1 Established facts -- 5.2 Facts that may require amendments of details of the Watson?Crick theory -- 5.3 What do we require from biologically operative DNA? -- 5.4 What do we still not know? -- 6 Model Systems for Nucleic Acids -- 6.1 Polynucleotides -- 6.2 Oligonucleotides -- 6.3 Association of monomers in solutions and crystals -- 7 Errors and Mutations -- 7.1 Chemical mutagenesis -- 7.2 Base analogues -- 7.3 Antibiotics, pigments, dyes -- 7.4 Mutagenesis by radiation (UV, X-rays) -- 8 The Structure of Ribonucleic Acids -- 8.1 Protein biosynthesis -- 8.2 Transfer RNA -- 8.3 Ribosome structure and rRNA -- 8.4 Viral RNA and virus structure -- 9 Nucleic Acid?Protein Interactions -- 9.1 Polyamines -- 9.2 Polypeptides and protamines -- 9.3 Histones and chromatin -- In the Guise of an Epilogue -- Appendix: Abbreviations and Symbols for Nucleic Acids, Polynucleotides, and Their Constituents -- Suggested Bibliography for Advanced Reading Permalink : https://genes.bibli.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=131175 Order and Disorder in the World of Atoms / A. I. Kitaigorodskiy / Berlin ; Heidelberg (DEU) ; New York ; Bâle (CHE) : Springer (1967)
Titre : Order and Disorder in the World of Atoms Type de document : document électronique Auteurs : A. I. Kitaigorodskiy ; Seweryn Chomet ; SpringerLink (Online service) Editeur : Berlin ; Heidelberg (DEU) ; New York ; Bâle (CHE) : Springer Année de publication : 1967 Collection : Heidelberg Science Library, ISSN 0073-1595 Importance : VIII, 135 p. 97 illus Présentation : online resource ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-1-4615-7559-7 Langues : Anglais (eng) Tags : Physics Physical chemistry Atoms Atomic Molecular Optical and Plasma Physics Physical Chemistry Résumé : Our main aim is to examine whether the atoms and molecules constituting the world around us are distributed in space in a random and disordered fashion, like pebbles on the beach, or in an ordered pattern like the cells of a honeycomb. However, it is often impossible to make such a clear-cut distinction, and it is better not to use "order" and "disorder" as absolute terms but to speak instead of a "degree of order" and a "degree of disorder. " These concepts are fairly new in science. Up to about 20-30 years ago it was still believed (and in fact this belief can still be en countered today) that certain states of matter - such as gases, liquids, and amorphous solids - were characterized by a totally disordered distribution of the constituent particles, whilst crys tals, by contrast, exhibited perfectly ordered lattices. According to the present view, on the other hand, order and disorder often coexist inseparably from each other, though there are admittedly many cases in which "order" or "disorder" does describe quite accurately tbe actual state of affairs. Symptoms of disorder have recently been found in seemingly perfectly regular molecular structures, and symptoms of order in seemingly perfectly chaotic aggregations of particles. These dis coveries led to the formulation of new and important laws cor relating the structure of substances with their properties, and to tIlt' explanation of many phenomena in terms of changes in the degree of order Note de contenu : 1?Disorder -- 1. What constitutes a disordered arrangement? -- 2. The gaseous state of matter -- 3. Thermal motion in gases -- 2?Order -- 1. The symmetry of wallpaper patterns -- 2. Crystals -- 3. Invisible lattices -- 4. Crystals and the close packing of spheres -- 5. Crystals that are not close-packed assemblies of spheres -- 6. Same atoms but different crystals -- 7. Long-range order -- 8. Order in microcrystalline bodies -- 3?Elements of Order in Disorder -- 1. Short-range order and the structure of liquids -- 2. The amorphous solid state -- 3. Liquid crystals -- 4. Thermal motion of particles in liquids -- 4?Elements of Disorder in Order -- 1. Thermal motion of atoms and molecules in crystals -- 2. The gas-crystalline state of matter -- 3. Block structure -- 4. Dislocations -- 5. The dislocations move -- 6. Ideal crystals -- 7. Defects within the blocks -- 8. Crystals with errors -- 9. Order and disorder in binary alloys -- 10. Magnetic order -- 5?Order and Disorder in the World of Large Molecules -- 1. Long and branched molecules -- 2. Bundles of long molecules -- 3. Behavior of bundle polymers -- 4. Alignment of polymer molecules to form single crystals -- 5. The structure of polymers -- 6. The living cell -- 6?Transitions Between Order and Disorder -- 1. Iron vapor and solid air -- 2. Water?an exception to the rule -- 3. The growth of crystals -- 4. Spiral growth -- 5. Conversions between crystal structures -- 6. Delayed transitions -- 7. Particles do change place in crystals -- 7?Order or Disorder? -- 1. Probability and disorder -- 2. The tendency toward disorder -- 3. The tendency toward order -- 4. The struggle between order and disorder Permalink : https://genes.bibli.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=131176 Order and Disorder in the World of Atoms [document électronique] / A. I. Kitaigorodskiy ; Seweryn Chomet ; SpringerLink (Online service) . - Berlin ; Heidelberg (DEU) ; New York ; Bâle (CHE) : Springer, 1967 . - VIII, 135 p. 97 illus : online resource. - (Heidelberg Science Library, ISSN 0073-1595) .
ISBN : 978-1-4615-7559-7
Langues : Anglais (eng)
Tags : Physics Physical chemistry Atoms Atomic Molecular Optical and Plasma Physics Physical Chemistry Résumé : Our main aim is to examine whether the atoms and molecules constituting the world around us are distributed in space in a random and disordered fashion, like pebbles on the beach, or in an ordered pattern like the cells of a honeycomb. However, it is often impossible to make such a clear-cut distinction, and it is better not to use "order" and "disorder" as absolute terms but to speak instead of a "degree of order" and a "degree of disorder. " These concepts are fairly new in science. Up to about 20-30 years ago it was still believed (and in fact this belief can still be en countered today) that certain states of matter - such as gases, liquids, and amorphous solids - were characterized by a totally disordered distribution of the constituent particles, whilst crys tals, by contrast, exhibited perfectly ordered lattices. According to the present view, on the other hand, order and disorder often coexist inseparably from each other, though there are admittedly many cases in which "order" or "disorder" does describe quite accurately tbe actual state of affairs. Symptoms of disorder have recently been found in seemingly perfectly regular molecular structures, and symptoms of order in seemingly perfectly chaotic aggregations of particles. These dis coveries led to the formulation of new and important laws cor relating the structure of substances with their properties, and to tIlt' explanation of many phenomena in terms of changes in the degree of order Note de contenu : 1?Disorder -- 1. What constitutes a disordered arrangement? -- 2. The gaseous state of matter -- 3. Thermal motion in gases -- 2?Order -- 1. The symmetry of wallpaper patterns -- 2. Crystals -- 3. Invisible lattices -- 4. Crystals and the close packing of spheres -- 5. Crystals that are not close-packed assemblies of spheres -- 6. Same atoms but different crystals -- 7. Long-range order -- 8. Order in microcrystalline bodies -- 3?Elements of Order in Disorder -- 1. Short-range order and the structure of liquids -- 2. The amorphous solid state -- 3. Liquid crystals -- 4. Thermal motion of particles in liquids -- 4?Elements of Disorder in Order -- 1. Thermal motion of atoms and molecules in crystals -- 2. The gas-crystalline state of matter -- 3. Block structure -- 4. Dislocations -- 5. The dislocations move -- 6. Ideal crystals -- 7. Defects within the blocks -- 8. Crystals with errors -- 9. Order and disorder in binary alloys -- 10. Magnetic order -- 5?Order and Disorder in the World of Large Molecules -- 1. Long and branched molecules -- 2. Bundles of long molecules -- 3. Behavior of bundle polymers -- 4. Alignment of polymer molecules to form single crystals -- 5. The structure of polymers -- 6. The living cell -- 6?Transitions Between Order and Disorder -- 1. Iron vapor and solid air -- 2. Water?an exception to the rule -- 3. The growth of crystals -- 4. Spiral growth -- 5. Conversions between crystal structures -- 6. Delayed transitions -- 7. Particles do change place in crystals -- 7?Order or Disorder? -- 1. Probability and disorder -- 2. The tendency toward disorder -- 3. The tendency toward order -- 4. The struggle between order and disorder Permalink : https://genes.bibli.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=131176 Physics in My Generation / Max Born / Berlin ; Heidelberg (DEU) ; New York ; Bâle (CHE) : Springer (1968)
PermalinkPhysics in My Generation / Max Born / Berlin ; Heidelberg (DEU) ; New York ; Bâle (CHE) : Springer (1969)
PermalinkPlasmids of Eukaryotes / Karl Esser / Berlin ; Heidelberg (DEU) ; New York ; Bâle (CHE) : Springer (1986)
PermalinkA Simple Non-Euclidean Geometry and Its Physical Basis / Basil Gordon ; SpringerLink (Online service) / Berlin ; Heidelberg (DEU) ; New York ; Bâle (CHE) : Springer (1979)
PermalinkThe New Cosmos / Albrecht Unsöld / Berlin ; Heidelberg (DEU) ; New York ; Bâle (CHE) : Springer (1969)
PermalinkThe New Cosmos / Albrecht Unsöld / Berlin ; Heidelberg (DEU) ; New York ; Bâle (CHE) : Springer (1983)
PermalinkThe New Cosmos / Albrecht Unsöld / Berlin ; Heidelberg (DEU) ; New York ; Bâle (CHE) : Springer (1991)
PermalinkValency / Michael Francis O'Dwyer / Berlin ; Heidelberg (DEU) ; New York ; Bâle (CHE) : Springer (1978)
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